Photodiodes are light-sensitive semiconductor devices used to detect and convert light into electrical signals. They operate by generating a current or voltage when exposed to light, making them essential for optical sensing and light measurement applications. Photodiodes are commonly used in light detection, optical communication systems, and safety or control circuits. Available in different types such as PIN photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes, and phototransistors, they come with varying sensitivity levels, response speeds, and spectral ranges to suit specific requirements. Photodiodes are widely used in consumer electronics, industrial automation, medical equipment, optical instruments, and communication devices, contributing to accurate detection, fast response, and reliable performance.