Integrated Circuits (ICs) are compact electronic components that combine multiple electronic elements such as transistors, resistors, capacitors, and diodes onto a single semiconductor chip. They are designed to perform specific functions including signal processing, amplification, computation, memory storage, and control operations. ICs play a vital role in reducing circuit size, power consumption, and overall system complexity while improving reliability and performance. Available in various types such as analog ICs, digital ICs, mixed-signal ICs, microcontrollers, and application-specific ICs (ASICs), they come with different levels of integration, speed, and functionality. Integrated Circuits are widely used in consumer electronics, computers, communication devices, automotive systems, industrial equipment, and medical electronics, forming the backbone of modern electronic technology.